![]() ![]() In fact, tangible rewards (i.e., money) tend to have more negative effects on intrinsic motivation than do intangible rewards (i.e., praise). For one, physical reinforcement (such as money) and verbal reinforcement (such as praise) may affect an individual in very different ways. These apparent discrepancies in the researchers’ findings may be understood by considering several factors. In that case, Odessa’s motivation to bake in her free time might remain high if, for example, customers regularly compliment her baking or cake decorating skills. Other studies suggest that intrinsic motivation may not be so vulnerable to the effects of extrinsic reinforcements, and in fact, reinforcements such as verbal praise might actually increase intrinsic motivation (Arnold, 1976 Cameron & Pierce, 1994). Research suggests that when something we love to do, like icing cakes, becomes our job, our intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to do it may change. This can lead to extinguishing the intrinsic motivation and creating a dependence on extrinsic rewards for continued performance (Deci et al., 1999). What Odessa has experienced is called the overjustification effect-intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is given. Baking has become work in a way that changes her motivation to do it ( ). Although she enjoys what she does in her new job, after a few months, she no longer has much desire to concoct tasty treats in her free time. When a coworker in the store’s bakery department leaves his job, Odessa applies for his position and gets transferred to the bakery department. Oftentimes, after stocking shelves at her grocery store job, she often whips up pastries in the evenings because she enjoys baking. ![]() For example, Odessa loves baking, so in her free time, she bakes for fun. ![]() As a result, we might spend less time engaging in these reclassified behaviors in the absence of any extrinsic reinforcement. According to this research, receiving some sort of extrinsic reinforcement (i.e., getting paid) for engaging in behaviors that we enjoy leads to those behaviors being thought of as work no longer providing that same enjoyment. ![]() Some research suggests that this isn’t necessarily the case (Daniel & Esser, 1980 Deci, 1972 Deci, Koestner, & Ryan, 1999). There is an old adage: “Choose a job that you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life,” meaning that if you enjoy your occupation, work doesn’t seem like. In reality, our motivations are often a mix of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but the nature of the mix of these factors might change over time (often in ways that seem counter-intuitive). However, if you are here because you want to get a college degree to make yourself more marketable for a high-paying career or to satisfy the demands of your parents, then your motivation is more extrinsic in nature. Are you here because you enjoy learning and want to pursue an education to make yourself a more well-rounded individual? If so, then you are intrinsically motivated. Think about why you are currently in college. Intrinsic motivation comes from within the individual, while extrinsic motivation comes from outside the individual. ![]()
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